What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?

Epinephrine is considered the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis due to its rapid and effective action in counteracting the severe symptoms associated with this life-threatening allergic reaction. It works by causing vasoconstriction, which increases blood pressure, and by bronchodilation, which improves breathing by opening the airways. Additionally, epinephrine reduces vascular permeability and inhibits the release of additional mediators from mast cells and basophils, effectively managing the acute response.

In emergency settings, timely administration of epinephrine is crucial because anaphylaxis can progress rapidly, leading to cardiovascular collapse or respiratory failure. Other treatments, such as antihistamines, corticosteroids, and intravenous fluids, may play supportive roles in the management of anaphylaxis but do not address the immediate life-threatening symptoms as quickly or effectively as epinephrine does.